示儿[1]
[宋] 陆游
死去元知[2]万事空,但悲不见九州[3]同。
王师北定中原[4]日,家祭[5]无忘告乃翁[6]。
?写作背景:
此诗作于公元1210年(宁宗嘉定三年),八十五岁的陆游一病不起,此诗为陆游的绝笔,既是诗人的遗嘱,也是诗人发出的最后的抗战号召。表达了诗人的无奈以及对收复失地的期盼。?
注解:
- 示儿:写给儿子们看。
- 元知:原本知道。元,通“原”。本来。在苏教版等大部分教材中本诗第一句为“死去元知万事空”,但在老的人教版等教材中为“死去原知万事空”,因为是通假字,所以并不影响本诗的意境,尚有争议。人教版等教材多为“元”,不常用通假字。
- 九州:这里代指宋代的中国。古代中国分为九州,所以常用九州指代中国。同,统一。
- 中原:指淮河以北被金人侵占的地区。
- 家祭:祭祀家中先人。
- 乃翁:你的父亲,指陆游自己。?
译文:
原本知道死去之后就什么也没有了,只是悲哀没有见到国家统一。当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天时,你们举行家祭时不要忘了告诉我!
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